apfcbAPFCB eNewscoAPFCB News Volume 1, Issue 2MultidisciplinaryEnglishJul-Dec, 2022NNY20220331ArticlesHemoglobin A1c: Summary of Existing Test Methods and Introduction of a Novel Assay DesignEnglishY88101TedDiMagno1EnglishNLilyLi2EnglishY10.62772/APFCB-News.2022.2.4IntroductionDiabetes mellitus is caused by impairment in insulin secretion (type 1 diabetes) or poor response to insulin with subsequent impairment in insulin regulation and production (type 2 diabetes), which contribute to chronic hyperglycemia..1 Elevated blood glucose is associated with microvascular and macrovascular damage that can lead to debilitating conditions, including heart disease, chronic kidney disease, diabetic neuropathy, and retinopathy. Globally, there are 537 million adults living with diabetes, of whom 90 million are in Southeast Asia and 206 million in the Western Pacific.2 Approximately half of all diabetes cases are undiagnosed, leaving millions of people unaware that they are at risk of developing life-threatening complications from a disease that was the 9th leading cause of death globally in 2019.2, 3Englishhttps://apfcb.org/APFCB_News/abstract?id=30References16191. American Diabetes Association. Diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care. 2014; 37 Suppl 1:S81-90. doi:10.2337/dc14-S0812. International Diabetes Federation. IDF Diabetes Atlas, 10th Edition. Brussels, Belgium. Published 2021. Accessed July 19, 2022. https://diabetesatlas.org/atlas/tenth-edition/3. World Health Organization. The top 10 causes of death. Published December 9, 2020. Accessed July 19, 2022. https://www.who.int/news-room/factsheets/detail/the-top-10-causes-of-death4. Saleh J. 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